The country is covered by three major types of vegetation which include forests, savannahs and montane land. Considered one of the most ecologically sensitive regions in the world, the niger delta mangrove forest is situated within a deltaic depositional environment. The vegetation in that area is not properly developed because of low temperatures. The physiognomy and altitudinal zonations of the highland vegetation are discussed. With thanks to phyllis bischof, ed colijn, rheal coupal, john creaser, larry cruse, joe dalton, hugh eva, vic fazio, xavier font castell, steve glenn, lawrence hislop, robert hoare, michael jennings, stephen killeffer. Based on differences in morphology of the genital organs, different species can be distinguished. Vegetation usually depends on the climate zones of the country. Other local languages are also spoken, such as yoruba, igbo, fula and. Vegetation zone article about vegetation zone by the. International institute of tropical agriculture, ibadan, nigeria.
Map of nigeria showing the 6 geopolitical zones, 36 states and federal capita territory adapted from 11. The geographical area called nigeria has a total land area of 983,2 km 2 with over 180 million people living in it. Farmers guide to soybean production in northern nigeria i. The natural vegetative zones resulted from the interaction of climate, humidity, rainfall and soils. Currently desert encroachment which cuts across the sahel is affecting most of the states in the northern part of the country particularly the eleven states considered by the federal. Tropical rainforest climate the amazon rainforest is the largest in the world. These are 1 forest zone or vegetation 2 savanna zone or vegetation 3 montane vegetation 1 the forest zone. Nigerias varied plant species are used in construction, food, medicine, and decoration. Note that maps may not appear on the webpage in their full size and resolution. While it is to be hoped that legislation will soon be introduced to facilitate protection, a comprehensive survey has recently been carried out with a view to substantially increasing the number of conservation areas in nigeria, and to make them more fully representative of the different vegetation zones of nigeria. Mangrove forest and coastal vegetation ecological zone.
Hausa is kaduna states most widely spoken language, while english is its official language. As mentioned in the previous lesson, nigeria is a state of forests and savannas. These mangrove forests serve a critical role in regional ecological and landscape composition, and support subsistence gathering practices, and marketbased. This is a type of vegetation characterised by its continuous grass cover usually compact but could vary considerably with the season and type of savannah. A holocene pollen record from the sudanian zone of nenigeria. Nigeria currently has two broad belts of vegetation. Lagos lagoon to keep it free of a sand bar that had been an obstacles. Vegetation expresses and reflects environmental conditions, particularly climate. Vegetation belts in nigeria reflect the tight link. To save the maps to your computer, rightclick on the link. This study was conducted to investigate the tree species richness and diversity of urban and periurban areas of the federal capital territory fct, abuja, nigeria, and produce normalized difference vegetation index ndvi for the territory. It is bounded by the atlantic ocean to the south and by. Kaduna state simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
World online vegetation and plant distribution maps. Rain forest can be found benin, sapele, akure, ibadan, abeokuta, aba, etc. Pdf the natural vegetation zones in west africa gulf of guinea to the mediterranean are described as they were before man, but under. Vegetation zones in nigeria the major vegetation zones are. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad. It was formed in 1968 from kano province, and in 1991 its northeastern portion was split off to form jigawa state. A 3 1department of wildlife and range management, university of agriculture, makurdi. The forest zone is located in the southern part of nigeria. The montane zone is situated in highmountain areas. The vegetation in nigeria can be grouped into three major zones. Vegetation is a general term for the plant life of a region. Culex quinquefasciatus say into rural ecovegetational zones in bayelsa state, nigeria.
Remote sensing and vegetation mapping different methods are used for collecting land use and land cover information which can be used for vegetation mapping depending on the degree of detail required for the specific project leak and venugopal, 1990. James bwala reports the activities of borno state government targeted at scaling down desert encroachment. Map of nigeria showing the 6 geopolitical zones, 36 st. Free floating and submerged water plants in quieter brackish water and lagoons. A poster to display in the classroom when locating the different vegetation zones of the world.
A semiarid geidamasagarmongonu plain, b dry subhumid gumelngurumaiduguri plain c dry subhumid knamodakanobauchi high plain, d dry subhumid illelasokotoyelwa plain e subhumid minnakadunakafanchan high plain, f subhumid. An investigation into the causes of massive destruction of the vegetation around tsekelewu oil field in the niger delta was carried out. Vegetation damage in an oil field in the niger delta of. The 200 km 2 area suffering varying degrees of damage was mapped and the damage quantified by photo interpretation of black and white aerial photographs. The study area is located in the southern part of nigeria between latitudes 40 30 n and 70 30 n. There is also the salt water mangrove swamp as well as the rain forest which is located north of this swamp. Constant cutting and burning out of crop plots led to a drastic reduction in the area of forests that now occupy about onethird of the territory.
Perhaps the closest synonym is plant community, but vegetation can, and. Tree species richness, diversity, and vegetation index for. The advance of culex quinquefasciatus say into rural eco. Download scientific diagram map showing vegetation zones in nigeria. Kaduna state is one of the major states in the central northern region of nigeria. T abuja falls within the guinea savanna vegetation zone of nigeria. Description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in nigeria by dr. Nigeria has extensive mangrove forests in the coastal region of the niger delta. The country also has sovereign control over a marine. Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide. With the vegetation zones of the country as described by. The natural vegetation zones in west africa gulf of guinea to the mediterranean are described as they were before man, but under present climate conditions. The study has a spatial focus on the rainforest zone of nigeria. Hogna species 1 h1, living on both southern volcanoes cerro azul and sierra negra of isabela.
There are a variety of different species of plants that are native to the west african nation of nigeria, a. Best known vegetations in nigeria are 1 savanna and 2 forest. Nigeria occupies a landmass of 923,768 km 2 and lies along latitudes 4 o 1 and o 9 n and longitudes 2 o 2 and 14 o 30 e. Mangrove swamp forest salt and fresh water swamp can be found in delta and coastal areas like port harcourt, warri, uyo and calabar. It is hot and wet most of the year in the southeast but dry in the southwest and farther inland. The sahara, sahel, savannah, and the learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. Evaluation of vegetation types and utilization in wildlife park of the university of agriculture makurdi, nigeria tyowua b. The rainforest is the richest in biodiversity in nigeria. Nigeria has a land area of approximately 924,000 km 2 and shares land borders with benin to the west, niger to the north, chad to the northeast and east, and cameroon to the east and southeast. Department of primary care and population health, university college london medical school royal free campus, rowland hill street, london, nw3 2pf, united kingdom. The jos plateau is one of the top areas in nigeria and its grassland slope zone are covered with forests.
The environments of nigerias four major highlands are described. The federal republic of nigeria is a country situated on the west coast of africa, abutting the gulf of guinea, lying between 9. Montane vegetation in nigeria mountain and plateaus vegetation is not very developed due to the reason of low average temperatures and the significant impact of animals and man. It is bordered by the states of jigawa to the north and east, bauchi to the southeast, kaduna to the southwest, and katsina to the northwest. Borno state has an area of 69,436 sq km, lying roughly within latitude 110n and longitude 1. The majority of cloudfree scenes were acquired during 1976, 1977 and 1978. Attention is drawn to the variation in environmental conditions indicated by certain elements of the flora.
Department of biologocal sciences bot 421 nigerian. Vegetation resources in nigeria are of vital importance for the sustainable development of the country. The forest zone or vegetation contains mainly trees. It is one of the 36 states located in the northern area of nigeria, and is the ninth largest state in the country. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features about 200 years ago it was possible to meet here herds of rhinoceroses, giraffes, elephants and many others, now their number has sharply decreased. They are identified with the mangrove swamps located around the delta region of river niger and cross river. Data were collected from urban abuja city and periurban lugbe areas of the fct using both semistructured questionnaire and inventory of tree species. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. A first group of ecologically and morphologically similar morphospecies occur at higher altitudes on the islands in the pampa vegetation zone and are hereafter referred to as high elevation species. We are taking a look at the four types of vegetation in africa, zones, and their features. Vegetation is the species of plant coupled with the provided land cover. Pdf the natural vegetation regions of west africa researchgate. Week 3 vegetation of nigeria vegetation is defined as an association two or group of plants growing together in a particular habit or environment.
Large herds can be found only in reserves and parks, especially on the bauchi plateau, in the yankara reserve. Kano consists of wooded savanna in the south and scrub vegetation in the north and is drained by the kano. Spatiotemporal assessment of vegetation resource dynamics. Eucalyptusconifers pines, cedar, cypress, fir natural vegetation. However, this essential resource is in danger due to the effect of anthropogenic and climate induced impacts. Map of the worlds vegetation zones teaching resource. The guinea savannah vegetation type is a byproduct of centuries of tree devastation by man and fire, and continuous attempts by the plants to adapt themselves to the climatic environment. This is grassland zone but the slopes are covered by. Impact of seasonal changes on the vegetation composition of some selected areas in lagos state, nigeria article pdf available february 2019 with 182 reads how we measure reads. It is a common word that had no basic reference to a significant geographical or botanical source, structure, spatial extent and life forms of any other dignified.
A savanna climate, with marked wet and dry seasons, prevails in the north and west, while a steppe climate with little precipitation is found in the far north. Guineacongolian regional centre of endomism guineacongoliasudania regional transition zone sudanian regional centre of endomism. The mountain zone is located in nigerias highmountain areas. It is a general term, without specific reference to particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extent, or any other specific botanical or geographic characteristics. These factors have been modified by human activities and mans pattern of land use. Nigeria has six main vegetation zones namely, the mangrove swamps the fresh water. Nigeria has a tropical climate with variable rainy and dry seasons, depending on location. Research article evaluation of vegetation types and. At the northern part of this region is fresh water swamp. It is broader than the term flora which refers to species composition. Forests are areas where there is significant tree cover. Display and use this teaching resource during geography lessons as a reference for students when identifying the location of different vegetation zones around the world. Soil, surface and ground water samples were taken from the various zones for chemical.
Nigerias vegetation belts reflect this very close link between vegetation and climate. Once, a significant part of the territory was covered with dense tropical rainforests. The northern part of adamawa state has the subsudan vegetation zone marked by short grasses interspersed with short trees, while in its southern part, the northern guinea savannah vegetation exists. Based on the above, nigerias agroecological zones can be classified into.
Farmers guide to soybean production in northern nigeria. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated. Download free nigeria mapsfree map downloadsfree world country map downloads. Vegetation zones in nigeria ecology nigerian scholars. Checklist of online vegetation and plant distribution maps compiled by claire englander 199620. The jos plateau is one of the highest points in nigeria. Broadly speaking, the national vegetation over a geographical area is essentially a response to the climate in that area. This paper attempts an inventory of forest resources in nigeria, exposes the utility. Permission to sample was obtained from the state ministry of health, through the directors, primary health care phc centres in the lgas. The ministry of environment of the federal republic of nigeria.
610 1308 1246 1552 1160 231 251 1061 383 974 716 128 138 905 1318 479 1330 1001 1602 915 1411 1490 1273 617 1437 1203 937 1078 961 94 637 720 854 1468